Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
main energy-trapping molecule in plants is _____. a. | chloroplast | c. | stroma | b. | chlorophyll | d. | carotenoids | | | | |
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2.
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Energy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll located in the _____. a. | citric acid
cycle | c. | electron
transport chain | b. | mitochondria | d. | thylakoid membranes | | | | |
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3.
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Chlorophyll traps _____ from sunlight. a. | oxygen | c. | hydrogen | b. | energy | d. | glucose | | | | |
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4.
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A
green pigment that traps energy from sunlight is _____. a. | carotenoid | c. | chlorophyll | b. | ATP | d. | thylakoid membranes | | | | |
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5.
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Which
sugar is a part of adenosine diphosphate? a. | adenine | c. | glucose | b. | ribose | d. | glycogen | | | | |
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6.
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Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between _____. a. | two phosphate
groups | c. | ribose and a
phosphate group | b. | adenine and ribose | d. | adenine and a phosphate group | | | | |
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7.
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Organisms need a way of storing energy because _____. a. | a cell can't
always immediately use all the energy it gets | b. | an organism
often has times when no energy is used | c. | a cell can release only stored energy | d. | a cell cannot
create energy and must get it from elsewhere in the organism | | |
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8.
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In
order to move molecules in your kidneys, your body needs _____. a. | energy | c. | cold | b. | sunlight | d. | heat | | | | |
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9.
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In
the complete process of photosynthesis, the _____. a. | Calvin cycle
yields CO2 | b. | light reactions release oxygen | c. | Calvin cycle
breaks down H2O | d. | light reactions produce NADP+ from NADPH +
H+ | | |
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10.
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In
glycolysis, _____ molecules of ATP are used in the first step, and _____ molecules of ATP are
produced in the second step. a. | four, two | c. | two, two | b. | two,
four | d. | four,
four | | | | |
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11.
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Kidneys use energy to move molecules and ions in order to keep the blood chemically
balanced. This process is an example of cells using energy to _____. a. | carry on
chemosynthesis | c. | control body
temperature | b. | transmit impulses | d. | maintain homeostasis | | | | |
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12.
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Which
of the following equations best represents photosynthesis? a. | C +
O2 + H2O ® CO2 + HOH | c. | 6C + 6H2O ®
C6H12O6 | b. | 6CO2 + 6H2O ®
C6H12O6 + 6O2 | d. | C6H12O6 ® 6CO2
+ 6H2O | | | | |
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13.
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Leaves appear green because the green portion of the light that strikes them is
_____. a. | changed to
heat | c. | destroyed | b. | absorbed | d. | reflected | | | | |
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14.
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Cells
store energy when _____. a. | the third phosphate group breaks off from an ATP
molecule | b. | they break down sucrose to glucose and
fructose | c. | a third phosphate group is bonded to an ATP
molecule | d. | ions are released into the
bloodstream | | |
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15.
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The
energy in glucose cannot be released by _____. a. | glycolysis | c. | respiration | b. | burning | d. | photosynthesis | | | | |
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16.
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Which
of the following is not a part of adenosine diphosphate? a. | glucose | c. | ribose | b. | adenine | d. | two phosphate groups | | | | |
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17.
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Which
of the diagrams in Figure 9-2 best show how energy is produced in a cell?
Figure 9-2
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18.
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Which
of the processes shown in Figure 9-3 do not use a cell’s energy?
Figure 9-3
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19.
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What
is the main purpose of the cycle shown in Figure 9-4?
Figure 9-4 a. | sugar production | c. | production of ADP | b. | destruction of
CO2 | d. | production of
NADP- | | | | |
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20.
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In
which types of organisms does the process shown in Figure 9-5 take place?
Figure 9-5 a. | plants only | c. | neither plants nor animals | b. | animals
only | d. | both plants and
animals | | | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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21.
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In
photosynthesis, the series of reactions that synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide and
hydrogen is known as the ____________________.
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22.
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The
anaerobic process of splitting glucose to form pyruvic acid is called
____________________.
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23.
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The
splitting of water during photosynthesis is ____________________.
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Short Answer
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24.
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Compare and contrast the terms photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
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25.
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What
do you think would happen to a plant's energy-trapping ability if suddenly the only pigment it
contained was chlorophyll? What is your reasoning?
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26.
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Predict what would happen if all the ATP production in living things suddenly
ceased.
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27.
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Both
the wine industry and the bread industry use the process of alcoholic fermentation. In what ways is
the use of the process by these industries similar? In what way do the uses differ?
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28.
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Maintaining body temperature, transmitting nerve impulses, movement of cilia, and
bioluminescence are various activities of organisms. What requirement do these activities have in
common? Why is ATP important in each activity?
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29.
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In an
experiment to determine whether green plants take in CO2, a biologist filled a large
beaker with aquarium water to which she added bromothymol blue. She exhaled CO2 into the
solution of bromothymol blue to turn it yellow. Then she placed a sprig of Elodea into two
test tubes. She left the third test tube without Elodea to serve as a control. She added the
yellow bromothymol solution to all three test tubes and placed a stopper in each. Next, she placed
all the test tubes in sunlight. After several hours in sunlight, the bromothymol solution in the test
tubes with the Elodea turned blue. The bromothymol solution in the control remained yellow.
What conclusion can be drawn from the observations? Explain.
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Molecular
Yield of ATP per Glucose Molecule | Reaction | ATP Produced | ATP Used | Glycolysis | 4 | 2 | Production of
Acetyl-CoA | | 2 | Citric acid
cycle | 2 | | Electron transport chain | 34 | | | | |
Table 9-1
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30.
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Refer
to Table 9-1. The combination of glycolysis and fermentation yields a net gain of two ATP molecules.
How many molecules of ATP does fermentation yield? Explain.
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In
1803, Thomas Engelmann of Germany used a combination of filamentous alga and aerobic bacteria to
study the effect of various colors of the visible light spectrum on the rate of photosynthesis. He
passed white light through a prism in order to separate the light into the different colors of the
spectrum; then he exposed different segments of the alga to the various colors. He observed in which
areas of the spectrum the greatest number of bacteria appeared.
Figure 9-1
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31.
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What
was the independent variable in this experiment? You may refer to Figure 9-1.
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32.
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Based
on Figure 9-1, what would Engelmann's conclusion be?
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33.
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Why
did Engelmann select aerobic rather than anaerobic bacteria? See Figure 9-1.
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