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Biology Test Chapter 8

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Water moves into a cell placed in a(n) _____ solution.
a.
osmotic
c.
hypotonic
b.
hypertonic
d.
isotonic
 

 2. 
Water moves out of a cell if the cell is placed in a(n) _____ solution.
a.
hypertonic
c.
hypotonic
b.
isotonic
d.
passive
 

 3. 
A cell moves particles from a region of lesser concentration to a region of greater concentration by _____.
a.
facilitated diffusion
c.
osmosis
b.
passive transport
d.
active transport
 

 4. 
If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by _____.
a.
osmosis
c.
active transport
b.
diffusion
d.
phagocytosis
 

 5. 
Which of the following is not a form of passive transport?
a.
facilitated diffusion
c.
facilitated diffusion
b.
endocytosis
d.
osmosis
 

 6. 
A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of _____.
a.
carbohydrates
c.
centromeres
b.
microtubules
d.
proteins
 

 7. 
Which of the following monitors a cell's progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle?
a.
a series of enzymes
c.
lipid molecules
b.
microtubules
d.
protein molecules
 

 8. 
If the sides of a cell double in length, its volume increases by _____ times.
a.
two
c.
six
b.
four
d.
eight
 

 9. 
If the sides of a cell double in length, its surface area becomes _____ times as large.
a.
two
c.
six
b.
four
d.
eight
 

 10. 
Which of the following explains why a cell's size is limited?
a.
Volume increases faster than surface area.
b.
Surface area increases faster than volume.
c.
Homeostasis is disrupted by a cell that is too large.
d.
both a and c
 

 11. 
As a cell grows, its _____ increases more than its _____.
a.
length, volume
c.
volume, surface area
b.
width, surface area
d.
none of these
 

 12. 
By the end of prophase, each of the following has occurred except _____.
a.
tighter coiling of the chromosomes
b.
breaking down of the nuclear envelope
c.
disappearing of the nucleolus
d.
lining up of chromosomes in the cell
 

 13. 
Unlike plant cells, animal cells contain _____.
a.
cell walls
c.
nucleoli
b.
centrioles
d.
spindles
 

 14. 
The longest phase of the cell cycle is _____.
a.
prophase
c.
metaphase
b.
interphase
d.
mitosis
 

 15. 
A chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber by the _____.
a.
nucleolus
c.
centromere
b.
deep furrow
d.
centriole
 

 16. 
Which of the following structures is the most complex?
a.
cell
c.
organ
b.
organ system
d.
tissue
 

 17. 
Which conditions shown in Figure 8-4 might cause a cell to burst?
biology_test_chapte_files/i0180000.jpg
Figure 8-4
a.
A
c.
C
b.
B
d.
D
 

 18. 
What cell process is responsible for the effect shown in Figure 8-5?
biology_test_chapte_files/i0190000.jpg
Figure 8-5
a.
active transport
c.
facilitated diffusion
b.
passive transport
d.
osmosis
 
 
biology_test_chapte_files/i0200000.jpg
Figure 8-8
 

 19. 
Which of the cells depicted in the line graph in Figure 8-8 are most likely cancerous?
a.
A
c.
C
b.
B
d.
D
 

 20. 
If cancer is present, what is the likely explanation for what happened to cells B and D?
a.
they thrived with the cancerous cells
b.
they were harmed by radiation therapy
c.
they died off on due to natural causes
d.
they died off because the cancerous cells deprived them of nutrients
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

 21. 
The process by which nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells is ____________________.
 

 

 22. 
The dark-staining structures that carry the genetic material are the ____________________.
 

 

 23. 
The uncontrolled division of cells that results in a malignant growth is known as ____________________.
 

 

 24. 
The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other is ____________________.
 

 

 25. 
Cells that work together to perform the same function are organized into ____________________.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
exocytosis
d.
isotonic solution
b.
gene
e.
osmosis
c.
diffusion
f.
hypertonic solution
 

 26. 
movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
 

 27. 
the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell
 

 28. 
a segment of DNA that controls the production of a protein
 

 29. 
diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
 

 30. 
release of wastes or cell products from inside to outside a cell
 

Short Answer
 
 
biology_test_chapte_files/i0370000.jpg
Figure 8-2
 

 31. 
The graph in Figure 8-2 shows typical concentrations of several ions inside and outside an animal cell. Concentrations of ions inside the cell are shown in gray, outside in black. Which ions are in the lowest concentration inside the animal cell?
 

 32. 
The graph in Figure 8-2 shows typical concentrations of several ions inside and outside an animal cell. Concentrations of ions inside the cell are shown in gray, outside in black. Which ions are in the greatest concentration outside the animal cell?
 

 33. 
The graph in Figure 8-2 shows typical concentrations of several ions inside and outside an animal cell. Concentrations of ions inside the cell are shown in gray, outside in black. Compared to its surroundings, does an animal cell contain a higher or lower concentration of potassium (K+) ions?
 
 
biology_test_chapte_files/i0410000.jpg
Figure 8-3
 

 34. 
Which cell of Figure 8-3 is in metaphase?
 
 
The large size of many fruits and flowers is the result of polyploidy, a condition in which the nuclei of an organism's cells contain extra sets of chromosomes. Polyploidy often occurs naturally, but it can also be artificially induced by plant breeders. How have breeders been able to mimic a naturally occurring phenomenon?
Researchers have determined that the chemical colchicine suppresses cell division by preventing the formation of spindle fibers. Without these fibers, the sister chromatids cannot become properly oriented for separation into individual nuclei. In effect, mitosis is stopped after prophase. However, the cell may continue to make copies of its chromosomes. As a result, the nucleus of the cell contains multiple sets of chromosomes.
Suppose a researcher wished to investigate how extra sets of chromosomes are produced. First, she treated two onion roots with a colchicine solution and left two roots untreated. After a period of several days, she placed thin slices from each root tip on separate slides, stained the specimens, and examined the slides under a microscope at high power.
 

 35. 
What was the variable in the investigation?
 



 
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