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Biology Test Chapter 6

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which of the following compounds may be polymers?
a.
carbohydrates
c.
proteins
b.
nucleic acids
d.
all of these
 

 2. 
Which of the following does NOT describe a polymer?
a.
Polymers are made of monomers.
b.
Polymers are large molecules.
c.
Polymers usually form by covalent bonding.
d.
Polymers are broken down by the process of hydrogenation.
 

 3. 
Carbon compounds that come from living organisms are called _____ compounds.
a.
water
c.
homogeneous
b.
organic
d.
biological
 

 4. 
How many electrons can a carbon atom share?
a.
one
c.
three
b.
two
d.
four
 

 5. 
Which of the following is a chemical reaction?
a.
tearing paper into strips
b.
burning paper
c.
picking up iron filings with a magnet
d.
mixing salt and sugar in the same container
 

 6. 
_____ represents a formula for a chemical compound.
a.
H
c.
P
b.
C
d.
H2O
 

 7. 
The nucleus of an atom contains _____.
a.
protons and neutrons
c.
protons and electrons
b.
neutrons and electrons
d.
protons, neutrons, and electrons
 

 8. 
Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in regions called _____.
a.
electron clouds
c.
air
b.
nuclei
d.
isotopes
 

 9. 
What are the basic building blocks of proteins?
a.
nucleic acids
c.
amino acids
b.
peptide bonds
d.
glycerol and fatty acids
 

 10. 
Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _____.
a.
ionic bonding
c.
covalent bonding
b.
polarity
d.
hydrogen bonding
 

 11. 
When molecules of glucose and fructose combine to form sucrose, they do so by _____.
a.
hydrolysis
c.
condensation
b.
electron clouds
d.
radiation
 

 12. 
A chlorine atom becomes a chloride ion when it _____.
a.
gains an electron
c.
gains a neutron
b.
loses an electron
d.
loses a proton
 

 13. 
The various enzymes in our bodies are _____.
a.
lipids
c.
nucleotides
b.
carbohydrates
d.
proteins
 

 14. 
Glucose and fructose, with the formula C6H12O6, differ in _____.
a.
numbers of atoms
c.
kinds of atoms
b.
arrangement of atoms
d.
arrangement of electrons
 

 15. 
A very strong base might have a pH of _____.
a.
3
c.
9
b.
5
d.
13
 

 16. 
Carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are _____.
a.
isotopes
c.
radioisotopes
b.
polymers
d.
macromolecules
 

 17. 
The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11, is _____.
a.
11
c.
22
b.
12
d.
45
 

 18. 
An atom of fluorine has nine electrons. Its second energy level has _____.
a.
two electrons
c.
seven electrons
b.
eight electrons
d.
nine electrons
 

 19. 
An unsaturated lipid contains _____.
a.
more oxygen than hydrogen
c.
ionic bonds
b.
double bonds
d.
only one fatty acid
 

 20. 
Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain _____.
a.
nitrogen
c.
hydrogen
b.
carbon
d.
oxygen
 

 21. 
Diffusion continues until there is no _____.
a.
dynamic equilibrium
c.
concentration gradient
b.
turgor pressure
d.
homeostasis
 

 22. 
Brownian motion is evidence of _____.
a.
polar ions
c.
chemical energy
b.
random motion of molecules
d.
microorganisms
 

 23. 
Which of the atoms pictured in Figure 6-3 is most likely to form an ion?
biology_test_chapte_files/i0240000.jpg
Figure 6-3
a.
C
b.
Na
c.
O
d.
they are all equally likely to form an ion
 

 24. 
Which of the images in Figure 6-4 depicts dynamic equilibrium?
biology_test_chapte_files/i0250000.jpg
Figure 6-4
a.
A
c.
C
b.
B
d.
D
 

 25. 
Which element would need to be removed from the molecule in Figure 6-5 to make it unsaturated?
biology_test_chapte_files/i0260000.jpg
Figure 6-5
a.
carbon
c.
oxygen
b.
hydrogen
d.
phosphorus
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

 26. 
An organic compound with a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for each carbon atom is a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 27. 
The smaller subunits that make up nucleic acids are ____________________.
 

 

 28. 
Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water is a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 29. 
Two atoms that share electrons are held together by ____________________ bonds.
 

 

 30. 
Atoms of two or more elements chemically combined are ____________________.
 

 

 31. 
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are ____________________.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
cellulose
e.
polymer
b.
polar molecule
f.
solution
c.
nucleus
g.
enzyme
d.
peptide bond
h.
metabolism
 

 32. 
glucose polymer that forms the cell walls of plants
 

 33. 
large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together
 

 34. 
molecule with unequal distribution of charge
 

 35. 
protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
 

 36. 
bond formed between amino acids
 

 37. 
all the chemical changes that occur within an organism
 

 38. 
mixture in which one substance is distributed evenly in another
 

 39. 
center of an atom
 

Short Answer
 

 40. 
Explain how isotopes can be utilized in medicine.
 
 
biology_test_chapte_files/i0460000.jpg
Figure 6-1
 

 41. 
How many electrons are in the third energy level of a magnesium atom? Refer to Figure 6-1.
 

 42. 
Which compound shown in Figure 6-1 is formed by ionic bonding? Explain.
 
 
biology_test_chapte_files/i0490000.jpg
Figure 6-2
 

 43. 
What types of biological compounds are A and B of Figure 6-2?
 
 
Two students carry out an investigation to determine the action of the enzyme pepsin on protein digestion in the human stomach. They know that gastric juice in the stomach contains water, pepsin, and hydrochloric acid. They decide to use small, equal-sized pieces of cooked egg white as the protein to be digested.
They set up four test tubes and place equal, small amounts of egg white in each test tube. Then they fill each test tube with a different liquid to a height of 3 cm. To test tube 1 they add water, to test tube 2 they add dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), to test tube 3 they add pepsin in water, and to test tube 4 they add pepsin and dilute hydrochloric acid. They place the four test tubes in an incubator set at 37ºC (body temperature).
After one day, they observe the results. They return the test tubes to the incubator and observe them again the next day. Table 6-2 is the record of the results.

Table 6-2
Test tube
1 day
2 days
1.  egg + water
no change
no change
2.  egg + HCl
no change
no change
3.  egg + pepsin
liquid slightly cloudy, egg white solid
liquid cloudy, egg white still solid
4.  egg + pepsin + HCl
liquid cloudy, pieces of egg smaller
liquid very cloudy, almost no egg remains
 

 44. 
What is the hypothesis on which this experiment is based?
 



 
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