Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
of the following problems do immigration and emigration pose for demographers? a. | Demographers
must provide for more city services. | b. | Demographers cannot identify the age structure of
immigrants. | c. | Demographers find it difficult to make predictions about
populations. | d. | Demographers study growth rates, age structures, and geographic
distributions of populations. | | |
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2.
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The
effect of local population fluctuations in rapidly expanding suburbs may _____ schools, roads, and
police and fire services. a. | stress | c. | have no effect on | b. | reduce the need
for | d. | none of
these | | | | |
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3.
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The
effect of movement of people between counties has _____ effect on total world
population. a. | a
damaging | c. | a
great | b. | little | d. | no | | | | |
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4.
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A
country that has a stable population is characterized by an age structure that is
_____. a. | about the same
among all groups | b. | largest among pre-reproductive years | c. | largest among
reproductive years | d. | largest among post-reproductive years | | |
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5.
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Bacteria employ a(n) _____ reproductive strategy, a characteristic determined by their
small size, rapid maturation, and short life span. a. | unusual | c. | rapid | b. | early | d. | slow | | | | |
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6.
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The
giant land tortoises of the Galapagos Islands and sequoias of California have among the longest life
spans of any organisms. This indicates that they likely employ a strategy of _____. a. | rapid
reproduction | c. | early sexual
maturity | b. | slow growth | d. | all of these | | | | |
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7.
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Organisms that employ a strategy of slow reproduction usually require an environment
that _____. a. | is
stable | c. | has cold
days | b. | fluctuates from
year to year | d. | has 24-hour
growing periods | | | | |
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8.
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A
population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity usually has the shape of an
_____.
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9.
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Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are
_____. a. | confined to the
habitat of the population | b. | determined by the degree of competition for
resources | c. | not influenced by population
densities | d. | determined by the difference between birthrate and population
density | | |
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10.
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For a
particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organisms that
_____. a. | the species
could reach in a given time period if all the offspring survive and
reproduce | b. | could be supported by a given environment
indefinitely | c. | are in their post-reproductive years | d. | could be
supported by any environment over a period of one year | | |
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11.
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Unrestricted populations of organisms experience _____. a. | exponential
growth | c. | fertility | b. | linear growth | d. | biotic growth | | | | |
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12.
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The
statement, "proportions of a population expressed in terms of the reproductive years of the
individual organisms," refers to the population's _____. a. | fertility
rate | c. | age
structure | b. | reproductive strategy | d. | carrying capacity | | | | |
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13.
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When
you study all the growth characteristics of a human population, you are studying
its _____. a. | reproductive
pattern | c. | life-history
pattern | b. | exponential growth | d. | demography | | | | |
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14.
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Population control factors whose effects increase as the size of the population
increases are _____. a. | abiotic factors | c. | limiting factors | b. | density-dependent factors | d. | density-independent factors | | | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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15.
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Demographers collect and study data about the age structure, geographic distribution,
and ____________________ of human populations.
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16.
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Instead of growing explosively, population growth tends to level off because the
population reaches the ____________________ of a particular environment.
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17.
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The
production of many offspring in a short period of time is characteristic of a ____________________
life-history pattern.
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18.
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Food,
water, or shelter could be ____________________ factors on the growth of a population.
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19.
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A
population of bacteria that doubles its size every 20 minutes exhibits ____________________
growth.
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20.
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A(n)
____________________-shaped curve describes the tendency of a population to grow without limit to its
size.
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Short Answer
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In
Figure 4-1, the first age structure graph for country X shows the percent of the population in each
age group for the year 2000. The remaining three graphs are projections of how the age structure of
country X will change.
Figure
4-1
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21.
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How
is the age structure, as shown in Figure 4-1, expected to change by the year 2015?
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A
student grew a yeast culture on sterilized nutrient medium in a closed dish for five days. Each day,
she took the same size sample from the dish and placed it on a special slide used for counting
microorganisms (see the top half of Figure 4-2). She examined the samples under a microscope and drew
the illustrations of her observations over the course of the investigation. Each dot represents ten
yeast cells.
Figure
4-2
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22.
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What
problem was this student investigating in Figure 4-2?
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