Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Water
is lost to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the biotic parts by the process of
_____. a. | precipitation | c. | transpiration | b. | photosynthesis | d. | infiltration | | | | |
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2.
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Nitrogen is released to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the processes of death
and _____. a. | decay by
bacteria | c. | runoff | b. | infiltration of groundwater | d. | lightning in storm clouds | | | | |
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3.
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Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through
_____. a. | burning of
forests | c. | combustion of
fossil fuels | b. | photosynthesis | d. | all of these | | | | |
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4.
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Some
birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the
humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. This type
of relationship can best be described as _____. a. | parasitism | c. | mutualism | b. | commensalism | d. | symbiosis | | | | |
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5.
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Sea
stars live in saltwater ecosystems. Some species live in shallow tidal pools, while others live in
the deepest parts of the oceans. This is a description of the _____ of sea stars. a. | habitat | c. | niche | b. | community | d. | none of these | | | | |
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6.
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Cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a
description of the _____ of cougars. a. | habitat | c. | niche | b. | community | d. | none of
these | | | | |
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7.
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An
ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact among each other and with the abiotic
parts of the environment is interested in the biological organization level called
a(n) _____. a. | organism | c. | community | b. | population | d. | ecosystem | | | | |
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8.
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An
ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact is interested in the biological
organization called a(n) _____. a. | organism | c. | community | b. | population | d. | ecosystem | | | | |
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Figure 2-1
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9.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, suppose 10 000 units of energy are available at the level of
the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the
coyote? a. | 90
units | c. | 9900
units | b. | 990 units | d. | 9990 units | | | | |
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10.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, as matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount
of available energy _____. a. | increases | b. | decreases | c. | decreases then increases | d. | increases or
decreases but population size remains the same | | |
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11.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, the relationship between cats and mice could best be
described as _____. a. | predator-prey | c. | parasite-host | b. | scavenger-carrion | d. | consumer-producer | | | | |
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12.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, the coyotes would be considered _____. a. | herbivores | c. | second-order
consumers | b. | third-order consumers | d. | decomposers | | | | |
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13.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, energy flows from _____. a. | coyotes to
grasses | c. | mice to
cats | b. | cats to
mice | d. | coyotes to
cats | | | | |
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14.
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Where
is the biosphere in Figure 2-4?
Figure 2-4 a. | core | c. | upper
mantle | b. | mantle | d. | earth’s crust | | | | |
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15.
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Identify the abiotic factor labeled in the ecosystem shown in Figure
2-5.
Figure
2-5 a. | mouse | c. | rock | b. | butterfly | d. | tree | | | | |
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16.
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The
group of animals in Figure 2-6 is an example of what?
Figure 2-6 a. | community | c. | population | b. | ecosystem | d. | biosphere | | | | |
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17.
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In
the energy pyramid shown in Figure 2-7, which level has the smallest number of
organisms?
Figure
2-7 a. | fox | c. | grasshoppers | b. | birds | d. | grass | | | | |
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18.
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The
organisms growing on the log in Figure 2-8 are ____?
Figure 2-8 a. | producers | c. | carnivores | b. | autotrophs | d. | decomposers | | | | |
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19.
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Which
organism shown in the pyramid shown in Figure 2-9 receives the highest percentage of energy from the
sun?
Figure
2-9 a. | fox | c. | grasshoppers | b. | birds | d. | grass | | | | |
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20.
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What
type of cycle is depicted in Figure 2-10?
Figure 2-10 a. | carbon | c. | phosphorus | b. | water | d. | nitrogen | | | | |
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21.
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What
type of ecosystem is shown in Figure 2-11?
Figure 2-11 a. | terrestrial | c. | acquatic | b. | population | d. | abiotic | | | | |
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22.
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The
organism shown in Figure 2-12 is involved in which type of symbiosis?
Figure 2-12 a. | mutualism | c. | parasitism | b. | commensalism | d. | predatorism | | | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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23.
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The
____________________ consists of evaporation, precipitation, transpiration, runoff, and
respiration.
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24.
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Omnivores, carnivores, herbivores, scavengers, and decomposers are
all ____________________.
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25.
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Ecosystems, biotic factors, and abiotic factors make up the
____________________.
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26.
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Organism, population, and community make up the ____________________.
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27.
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Parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism are examples of
____________________.
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28.
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Trophic level and food chain are parts of a ____________________.
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29.
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In a
pond ecosystem, ducks, mosquitoes, pond plants, and frogs are ____________________
factors.
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30.
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Both
the alga and the fungus are benefited from their relationship in a lichen. This relationship is one
of ____________________.
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31.
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Water, carbon, and nitrogen are released back into the atmosphere during
____________________.
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32.
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Energy that passes through a food chain is lost to the environment as
____________________.
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33.
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To
explain and show how the amount of living material at each trophic level of a food chain changes, you
could use a pyramid of ____________________.
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34.
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Before plants can reuse many organic materials, the materials must be broken down by
____________________.
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35.
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Wind,
humidity, and rocks are all ____________________ in a terrestrial ecosystem.
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36.
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In
ecological classification, the next smallest level after the biosphere is the
____________________.
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | mutualism | h. | food
web | b. | biosphere | i. | food
chain | c. | ecology | j. | commensalism | d. | biological
community | k. | scavenger | e. | decomposer | l. | heterotroph | f. | parasitism | m. | trophic
level | g. | habitat | n. | autotroph | | | | |
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37.
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study
of how living things relate to each other and to their environment
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38.
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relationship between organisms in which both organisms benefit
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39.
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network of interconnected food chains
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40.
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relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is neither
harmed nor benefited
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41.
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layer
of Earth that supports life
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42.
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feeds
on dead organisms
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43.
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simple model for showing how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
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44.
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group
formed by several populations
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45.
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manufactures food using energy from the sun or from chemical compounds
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46.
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relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits at the expense of
another
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47.
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place
where an organism spends its life
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48.
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step
in the passage of energy and matter through an ecosystem
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49.
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obtains energy and nutrients from autotrophs
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50.
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breaks down dead organisms
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